Pedro II of Brazil

2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891

Pedro II was the second and last emperor of Brazil, reigning for more than fifty-eight years from 1831 to 1889. A scholarly and moderate ruler, he presided over a long period of internal stability, economic growth, and the gradual abolition of slavery, which was completed in 1888. He was deposed in a military coup in 1889 and died in exile in Paris.

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Lived at the same time

Well-documented people whose lives overlapped with Pedro II of Brazil.

Life events

Born in Rio de Janeiro
2 December 1825

Pedro de Alcântara was born at the Palace of São Cristóvão in Rio de Janeiro, the son of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Maria Leopoldina.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Became emperor at age five upon his father's abdication
7 April 1831

Pedro I abdicated the Brazilian throne in favour of his five-year-old son, who reigned under a regency during his childhood.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Declared of age and assumed full imperial powers
23 July 1840

Parliament declared the fourteen-year-old Pedro II of age, ending the regency period.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Crowned Emperor of Brazil
18 July 1841

Pedro II was crowned and consecrated emperor in Rio de Janeiro.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Married Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies
30 May 1843

Pedro II married Princess Teresa Cristina of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, first by proxy in Naples and then in person in Rio de Janeiro.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Led Brazil through the Paraguayan War
1864 – March 1870

Pedro II committed Brazil to the War of the Triple Alliance against Paraguay, the largest conflict in South American history, which ended in allied victory.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Slavery abolished in Brazil by the Golden Law
13 May 1888

The Lei Áurea, signed by his daughter Princess Isabel while Pedro II was abroad, abolished slavery in Brazil, completing an emancipation process he had long supported.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Deposed by a military coup and exiled
15 November 1889

A military coup led by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca proclaimed the republic and deposed Pedro II, who left Brazil for exile in Europe two days later.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Died in Paris
5 December 1891

Pedro II died of pneumonia in a Paris hotel; his remains were returned to Brazil in 1921 and interred at Petrópolis.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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