Muhammad Ali Pasha

c. 1769 – 2 August 1849

Muhammad Ali Pasha was an Ottoman Albanian commander who became the effective ruler of Egypt and is often regarded as the founder of modern Egypt. Rising to power in the aftermath of the French occupation, he undertook sweeping military, economic, and administrative reforms and established a dynasty that ruled Egypt until 1952. His ambitions brought Egypt into repeated conflict with the Ottoman Empire.

Comparing
Compare

Lived at the same time

Well-documented people whose lives overlapped with Muhammad Ali Pasha.

Life events

Born in Kavala
c. 1769

Muhammad Ali was born in the Ottoman city of Kavala, in present-day Greece, into an Albanian family.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Birth ✓
Arrived in Egypt with Ottoman forces
1801

He came to Egypt as part of an Ottoman contingent sent to expel the French occupation.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Career ✓
Became Wali of Egypt
1805

He was recognized as the Ottoman governor (Wali) of Egypt after gaining local support.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Achievement ✓
Massacre of the Mamluks
1 March 1811

He eliminated the Mamluk leadership in a massacre at the Cairo Citadel, consolidating his control over Egypt.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Other ✓
Modernization reforms in Egypt
c. 1815

He launched extensive reforms of the military, agriculture, industry, and administration to build a modern state.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Achievement ✓
Egyptian conquest of Sudan
1820 – 1824

His forces expanded Egyptian control southward into Sudan.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Career ✓
First Egyptian-Ottoman War
1831 – 1833

His armies, led by his son Ibrahim Pasha, campaigned against the Ottoman Empire in Syria and Anatolia.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Career ✓
Hereditary rule of Egypt recognized
1841

Following international settlement of the Eastern crisis, his family's hereditary governorship of Egypt was confirmed.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Achievement ✓
Withdrawal from power
1848

In failing health, he ceded authority as his son Ibrahim briefly assumed rule.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Career ✓
Death in Alexandria
2 August 1849

He died in Alexandria and was buried in the mosque he built at the Cairo Citadel.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Death ✓