Bessie Head

6 July 1937 – 17 April 1986

Bessie Head (1937-1986) was a writer born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, who worked as a teacher and journalist before leaving the country on an exit permit in 1964 and settling in the village of Serowe, Botswana. Her novels, among them When Rain Clouds Gather and A Question of Power, draw on village life, exile and mental distress. She lived as a refugee for fifteen years before being granted Botswana citizenship in 1979.

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Life events

Born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
6 July 1937

Born Bessie Amelia Emery and placed with a foster family in early childhood.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Birth ✓
Sent to a mission school in Durban
c. 1950

Moved from her foster home to St Monica's Home, an Anglican mission school for girls.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Education ✓
Qualified as a teacher and taught in Durban
1956

Worked as a primary school teacher for several years before leaving the profession.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Career ✓
Worked as a journalist in Johannesburg and Cape Town
1958

Wrote for Drum Publications titles, including the Golden City Post.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Career ✓
Married Harold Head
1961

The marriage produced one son, Howard, and ended in separation a few years later.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Relationship ✓
Left South Africa for Botswana on an exit permit
1964

Took a teaching post and settled at Serowe, living for years as a refugee without citizenship.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Relocation ✓
Published her first novel, When Rain Clouds Gather
1968

The book drew on her experience of a rural development scheme in Botswana.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Achievement ✓
Published A Question of Power
1973

A largely autobiographical novel dealing with exile and mental breakdown.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Achievement ✓
Granted Botswana citizenship
1979

Received citizenship after fifteen years of refugee status.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Other ✓
Died in Serowe, Botswana
17 April 1986

Died of hepatitis at the age of 48.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
Death ✓