Emmy Noether

23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935

Amalie Emmy Noether was a German mathematician who made landmark contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics. She is widely regarded as one of the most important mathematicians of her time and is known for Noether's theorem, which links symmetries to conservation laws. Forced from Germany by the Nazi regime because she was Jewish, she spent her final years teaching in the United States.

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Life events

Born in Erlangen, Germany
23 March 1882

Amalie Emmy Noether was born in Erlangen, Bavaria, into a family of mathematicians.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Doctorate from the University of Erlangen
1907

She earned her doctorate in mathematics at the University of Erlangen with a dissertation on invariant theory.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Invited to the University of Göttingen
1915

She was invited by David Hilbert and Felix Klein to work at Göttingen, then a world center of mathematics.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Proved Noether's theorem
1918

She published her theorem connecting continuous symmetries to conservation laws, a cornerstone of modern physics.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Obtained her habilitation and the right to lecture
1919

After years of teaching under Hilbert's name, she was granted habilitation at Göttingen and permitted to lecture in her own right.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Founding work in abstract algebra
1921

Her papers on ideal theory in rings established much of the foundation of modern abstract algebra.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Dismissed from Göttingen and emigration to the United States
1933

Barred from teaching by the Nazi regime, she emigrated to the United States to join Bryn Mawr College.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Taught at Bryn Mawr College
1933 – 1935

She taught at Bryn Mawr College and lectured at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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Death in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
14 April 1935

She died from complications following surgery for an ovarian cyst.

Source: en.wikipedia.org
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